Methods of Genetic Modification

Different types of food required different type of genes modification, for example it would be more appropriate to use bacterium gene (Agrobacterium Tumefasciens) for plants; for cereals, 'gene cannon' and for animals, viruses.


Biological Methods

1.Modification using bacteria gene

Its is acheived by inserting the bacterium gene into the DNA of the plant, the gene will then be hooked on to the bacterial DNA. Plant cells that are exposed to it will be infected. The bacterial DNA and the engineered gene will then be inserted into the plant cell.

2. Modification using viruses

Viruses DNA are encapsulated in a protein shell. The engineered viruses proceed to the cell nulceus, unlike normal viruses the engineered virus do not force the cell to make copies of the virus; it will only introduced the desired DNA and some virus genes into the DNA of the recipient similar to Agrobacterium Tumefasciens.


Mechanical methods

1.Modification using 'Gene Cannon'

The selected gene is introduced to the surface of very small golden beads. The beads are then shot into the cell.

2.Microinjection

The selected gene is in a solution form and is then injected into the cell nucleus.